If you are in a true survival situation I would never "fish" with a pole and a line.
Fish traps are easy to make . With twigs and rocks you can catch fish by the dozen.
You dont need bait.
An old bottle will catch minnows. If you desire bait. Or eat the whole bottle full of minnows.
You can catch fish with a 110 conibear trap.
A hammock made from netting can catch some good size fish. I always carry one of these.
In the article Halcon and I wrote "With What's in Our Pockets" We made a primitive net to catch fish.
Learning cordage is an important skill
All of these methods are against the law. Never use them unless you are in a true survival situation.
If it comes to me and mine surviving then I will do what it takes to eat. It is no longer a "sport".
All of these methods can be "practised" without really taking any fish.
If you have no pole, you really dont need one. I do use a cane pole, and a line, no reel.
If you know how to make cordage , you then know how to make a fishing line.
You dont need a hook, make a gorge, very easy to do.
In an issue of Wilderness Way magazine I wrote an article about a making a primitive fishing reel from two hollow pieces of twigs.
Bait is anything that will attract a fish... bits of metal, will work.
A shoe lace has worked for me.
lots of thinbgs will work.
Next time you are fishing, experiment with nonsense baits.
Remember it takes people who make and sell you artificial baits, lures, first though they have to bait you , then lure you in, then reel you in... KaChing.
Advertising is something the fish know nothing about.

Lots of other primitve methods including things that can "stun" the fish.
http://www.dirttime.com Dude... cover yer6